Patient Education

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Arthritis

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition where the joints in your body become inflamed and damaged. Over time, the bones in the joint rub together, causing pain, swelling, stiffness and reduced movement. This can make it harder to walk, climb stairs or do other daily activities.

The condition can affect any joint in the body, but mostly it affects the knees, hips, finger joints and big toe. While it can worsen over time, osteoarthritis can be managed effectively.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic (long-term) disease that can cause pain and swelling in your joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where your immune system doesn’t recognise the tissue lining your joints to be part of your body and attacks it. When this happens, some joints become swollen and painful.

Rheumatoid arthritis usually affects smaller joints, such as the joints in your hands and feet, but can also affect large joints like your knees and hips.

How do you know if you are having knee arthritis?

You may experience:

Knee pain that worsens in the morning, or after periods of inactivity
Knee pain aggravated with activities of walking, kneeling, squatting, climbing up and down the stairs
Stiffness and swelling of the knee
Warmth around the knee
Decreased strength in the lower limb muscles

TREATMENT

Treatment intervention in the initial development stages of osteoarthritis may improve joint preservation, joint integrity and its function in the long-term, or even a lifetime. It can also save you from the debilitating pain and the possible need for joint replacement surgery. The treatment goal is to improve functionality of the knee and control pain.

NON-SURGICAL:

SURGICAL:

If your symptoms can’t be managed in other ways, you may need surgery. There are several different types of surgery for osteoarthritis.

Arthrodesis : Two bones fused into position to prevent pain, most commonly in ankles, wrists, fingers or thumps.
Arthroplasty : Involves removing a joint and replacing it with metal, ceramic or plastic parts. It can be done on knees, hips, shoulders, elbows, fingers, ankles, toes and even the spine
Osteotomy : Involves adding or removing a small section of bone either above or below your knee joint to help straighten the joint. It is usually done on knees, and occasionally hips.

Sports Injuries

Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury
ACL is one of the main ligaments within the knee that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shinbone).
It prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, as well as providing rotational stability to the knee.
An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

A loud “pop” or a “popping” sensation in the knee
Instability of the knee
Swelling of Knee Joint
Loss of full range of motion
Tenderness along the joint line
Restricted walking

TREATMENT

NON-SURGICAL:

SURGICAL:

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injuries:

The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), located in the back of the knee, is one of the ligaments that connect the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia).

The posterior cruciate ligament keeps the shinbone from moving backward too far.

Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament are not as common as other knee ligament injuries.

SYMPTOMS:

TREATMENT

NON-SURGICAL:

SURGICAL:

Fractures And Joint Dislocations

Management of Fractures and dislocations in Adults and Children